To develop and optimize injection nozzles, a combination of advanced CFD tools such as Ansys Fluent, Siemens Star-ccm+ and AVL Fire is typically used. This includes a one-dimensional model of the entire fuel injection system, from the fuel tank to the injector, as well as a 3D CFD solver to focus on the fluid flow inside the injection nozzle itself.
The one-dimensional model is used to simulate the behavior of the fuel system as a whole, including the fuel pump, fuel lines, and pressure regulator. This allows engineers to optimize the overall performance of the system, ensuring that the fuel pressure and flow rate are optimized for the specific engine and operating conditions.
The 3D CFD solver is then used to simulate the fluid flow inside the injection nozzle itself. This includes modeling the injection process, fuel spray pattern, and combustion characteristics. By optimizing the design of the injection nozzle using CFD simulations, engineers can improve fuel atomization, reduce emissions, and optimize engine performance.
